Hepatitis tuberculosis presenting as tumoral disease on ultrasonography

Macronodular involvement of the liver is a rare manifestation of hepatitis tuberculosis. Two cases of this pseudotumoral form are reported on ultrasonography, demonstrating multiple hypoechoic nodules distributed throughout the liver. The authors state the difficulty in differentiating this form in its atypical presentation from lymphomatous or secondary malignancies. They stress the importance of the bacteriological and/or histological diagnosis which can be performed with fineneedle percutaneous biopsy under ultrasound guidance and which allows effective therapy.     

乳腺癌真空辅助旋切术后保乳手术的可行性

目的：探讨胃癌患者术前中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（neutrophillymphocyteratio,NLR）对术后预后的影响。方法：术后病理确诊胃癌患者根据术前NLR分为低NLR组（＜2.8,n=165）和高NLR组（≥2.8,n=66）,比较两组患者临床病理因素和术后总生存期（overallsurvival,OS）及无病生存期（diseasefreesurvival,DFS）,分析预后影响因素。结果：高NLR组淋巴结转移数多、TNM分期晚、清蛋白低（P＜0.05）。高NLR组1年、2年及5年OS低于低NLR组（75.8%、60.6%、48.5%vs87.9%、77.6%、61.2%,P=0.039）;高NLR组中位DFS短于低NLR组（16个月vs49个月,P=0.000）。Cox单因素分析显示：高NLR、浸润深度深、淋巴结转移数多、TNM分期晚、年龄大、低清蛋白是影响OS及DFS的不良预后因素（P＜0.05）;Cox多因素分析显示：TNM分期是影响OS的独立预后因素（P=0.000）,TNM分期、NLR是影响DFS的独立预后因素（P=0.000,P=0.024）。结论：术前NLR是影响胃癌DFS的独立预后因素,对OS的预后意义有待进一步探讨。     

在B超引导下注射A型肉毒素的疗效观察

目的探讨采用B超引导下注射A型肉毒素（botulinum toxin type A，BTX—A）治疗脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛的可操作性和临床疗效。方法选择18例脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛患者，随机分成两组：治疗组9例，采取在B超下5位点注射技术往射A捌肉毒素；对照组9例，采取传统“盲打”取5点注射A型肉毒素。每点注射剂量相同。采用改良Ashworth评分观察两组疗效，记录各例患者起效时间。结果治疗组注射21d后改良Ashworth评分、药物平均起效时问均优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论采用在B超引导下5位点注射技术注射A型肉毒素治疗脑卒中偏瘫后肱二头肌痉挛，定位准确，可操作性强，临床疗效提高。     

Double pigtail cystogastric stent in the management of pancreatic pseudocyst.

We describe placement of a double pigtail cystogastric stent in 5 patients with pancreatic pseudocyst using real-time ultrasonography and fluoroscopy as guidance techniques. This was done as a two-step procedure. First, a transgastric drainage catheter was placed for a period of six days. All the patients continued to have high drainage output and the cyst size decreased, as seen sonographically. Simultaneous barium meal and sinogram were then done to measure the distance between the posterior gastric wall and the cyst. A polyurethane double pigtail stent of appropriate size was then introduced to achieve cystogastric drainage. The cyst resolved in all the patients by four weeks to six weeks, when the stent was removed endoscopically. There was no recurrence of pseudocyst during follow-up for 6 months to 13 months. None of the patients suffered any complication. Cystogastric drainage using a double pigtail stent is an easy and safe alternative to surgical cystogastrostomy.     

CT引导+内窥镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的入路设计及应用

[目的]探讨CT引导下内窥镜工作套管置入的入路设计及应用.[方法]根据不同部位和类型的腰椎间盘突出,采用了六种手术入路,按照“角”“面”“点”“向”“度”完成入路设计、量化和标记:在CT引导下完成工作套管置入;在内窥镜下完成手术.[结果]临床应用512例,术后随访时间1～20个月,平均7.3个月;JOA评分:术前(11.90+4.0)分,术后1周(26.8±2.7)分,末次随访(26.9±3.2)分,术前术后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);优450例,良33例,一般15例,差14例,优良率94.3％;术后复发11例,6例行二次椎间孔镜术,5例采取开放性手术;并发症:脑脊液漏4例,经平卧、补液等均治愈;肢体遗留麻木23例;有神经根损伤症状1例.[结论]该术式具有安全、精准、微刨、高效,初学者易掌握,术者不受X线伤害,减少髓核遗漏等优点.     

超声引导下的神经阻滞临床应用研究进展

背景 神经阻滞一般根据周围神经体表标志或针刺异感来定位和穿刺.由于解剖变异或肥胖等原因,常致阻滞不全、效果欠佳,有的需要加大辅助用药量,甚至需改为全麻.目的 探讨超声引导下行神经阻滞的效果,并与传统定位的阻滞方法进行比较.内容 综述近几年来超声引导下行臂丛神经阻滞、腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞、小儿区域神经阻滞等的进展.趋向 超声引导下行神经阻滞是一种无创和可视的方法,能明显提高阻滞成功率,减少并发症,提高麻醉效果和麻醉安全性.     

Suprapubic catheter insertion using an ultrasound-guided technique and literature review

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The conventional ‘blind’ technique for suprapubic catheter (SPC) insertion relies on adequate filling of the bladder to displace bowel away from the site of needle puncture. However, in a small percentage of patients this fails to happen, which can occasionally lead to life‐threatening bowel injury. Recently published British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) guidelines have recommended that ultrasonography (US) may be helpful to identify bowel loops and recommends its usage whenever possible. This paper describes the technique of US‐guided needle puncture and SPC insertion to reduce the likelihood of bowel injury. The paper addresses training, equipment and logistical issues associated with this advice. We have reviewed the available publications on the outcomes from this technique and also present our experience. Suprapubic catheter (SPC) insertion is a common method of bladder drainage in contemporary urological practice. The procedure involves insertion of a sharp trocar into the bladder percutaneously, usually by palpation, percussion or cystoscopy for guidance. Although generally considered a safe procedure, the risk of bowel injury is estimated at up to 2.4% with a mortality rate of 1.8%. Recently published British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) guidelines have recommended that ultrasonography (US) may be helpful to identify bowel loops and recommends its usage whenever possible. The present paper describes the use of US for SPC insertion and discusses the implications of this advice. This paper is designed to support and supplement practical techniques learnt on a course and in clinical practice.     

多学科团队管理模式在新生儿病房早产儿喂养中的应用效果

【摘要】目的：研究多学科团队管理模式在新生儿病房喂养中的应用效果。方法：选择2019年3月到2019年12月入住新生儿科病房的431例早产低出生体重儿作为对照组，2020年1月至2020年10月入住新生儿科病房的431例早产低出生体重儿作为观察组。其中对照组给予常规的新生儿喂养护理，观察组则成立多学科团队管理小组对新生儿实施病房喂养，统计两组住院期间纯母乳喂养率，达到全肠道喂养时间，住院天数，出院后坚持6个月纯母乳喂养率，出院后生长发育合格率，不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组住院期间纯母乳喂养率明显高于对照组，达到全肠道喂养时间和住院天数明显少于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。随访6个月，观察组的纯母乳喂养率，生长发育合格率均明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组不良反应总发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：多学科团队管理模式能有效提高新生儿病房纯母乳喂养率，缩短新生儿达到全肠道喂养的时间，提升家长母乳喂养知识和意识，改善早产低出生生长发育结局，效果较好，值得推广。